Information Systems for Managers

The pace of revolution of information technology is fast and has become even faster over the last decades. Consequently, many businesses have embraced the developments in information technology in a bid to avoid being looked out from the world of technology. One of the latest result based management practices is through the use of information systems in a business.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Information Systems for Managers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The role in which information systems play in management of a business is of great significance to the success of any businesses enterprise operating in the current world. Furthermore, it is worth noting that information systems are designed for collection, processing, retrieving, and distributing information in a business. This helps to speed up the process of management and delegation of duties within a chain of command. Studies show that the cu rrent competitive business world requires organizations to have information systems to ease and speedup up the flow of information to many individuals. The core functions of information system for managers are solving problems, which arise in a business model. In addition, information systems help in enterprise management and development of new products in a business. However, information systems are designed to be used by people in strategic departments according to the structure and operation of a business entity. This is because every information system is developed for a specific function such as manufacturing, accounting, and marketing and human resource management. These systems help to simplify human labor and time, which is needed in a business operation. Arguably, the implementation of information systems in a business is a non-debatable issue (Gilman and Carl 56). Business managers should also be keen to change their systems in line the recent innovations. This is due to t he fact that systems change very fast and thus likely to affect the operation of a business. Moreover, information systems should be integrated with the global networks so as to receive the newest and latest updates on the technology. This is because global information is very important for global decision making in a business. Nevertheless, information systems also benefit marketing departments. They provide managers with information about consumer needs thus contributing to designing of products for consumer’s preference. To adjudge, managers should embrace information technology through implementation of information systems, which will eventually lead to a good and better output (Daft 164).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Technology trend: Digitization One of Moore’s law states that the power of computing and bandwidth communication has become cheap in a way that it should be taken as disposable. Moore’s law has huge impacts in the world of technology. To begin with, the there are many silicon inventions today which have been created to enhance flow of information. Furthermore, the world has been made a global village in terms of flow of information using the digital technology. Electronics have been integrated each day thus helping to change many operations in the world. As a matter of fact, many organizations and business have not been left out in this change. That is the reason why many businesses have merged in the wake of the new technology (Huber 123). Information flow has been made easier through use of information technology. This has been made easier using the information systems, which have enhanced a faster flow of information from one person to the other. The digital convergence has affected many industries such as the telecom industry, computer industry, media industry, and others. This has resulted to impr ovements in mobility of data and information, connection of internet and electronic business. One of the changes, which have occurred within digital convergence era, is the ability of information to reach many individuals in a short period of time. As a matter of fact, information can be processed and be distributed around the globe within a short period of time. Through connectivity of internet many people are enriched with information at their locations within the shortest time possible (Kurtz 199). Due to the changed digital technology from analog technology, the enhancement of supply of information into markets, which has demand, has increased. Managers and other business owners have also benefited from the current technologies to find new consumers thus increasing their annual returns in their business. For instance, the media industry is one, which has benefited from the current developments of information technology. This is because through digitization, the media can have ma ny consumers all over the world to supply information thus get huge returns. Economic analysts argue that this has become a world of scarce information. This is because of the mere fact that every individual is in search for the newest information (Schultz 12).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Information Systems for Managers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Digital technologies have transformed the information systems into important systems in the world. Through the digital technologies, it is easier to analyze information and transform it into useful information. The second stage after analysis of information is the choices stage. Managers are now able to make rational decisions, which are based on the information, which has been collected. Nevertheless, using the information systems, it is possible for managers to realize the loopholes, which exist in a business model. This shall help to control data and information, which circulate within a business circle. However, through the interconnectivity of systems, it is possible for business managers to get information about their consumers in the marker almost free. This can help to improve planning of products and other consumer essentials (Gilman and Carl 56). The present global economic situation is characterized by new trends in the marker. For instance, through digital technology, it is now possible to have electronic markets, which shall enhance flow of information. The electronic markets are very effective because they enhance delivery of products to the final consumers without wastage of time. Electronic markets have become the latest form of business, which are substitutes for larger corporations and organizations within an economy. This is why marketing and sales departments are focused on the markets in order to tap the potentials they have. Moreover, the mechanisms for value exchange have also changed tremendously thus ch anging business transactions. Managers should explore internet connections with the consumers who are connected to the internet all over the globe. Electronic markets have improved ordering efficiency, which helps to reduce stocks and give consumers reduced legal risks during the transactions. It is easier to trace goods and manufacturing companies thus making transactions safer (Khosrowpou 45). Due to the changes in information technology, there has emerged a digital firm. This means that the relationship between the consumers and the manufacturers has been digitized. As a matter of fact, consumers can communicate directly with their employees.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This has also been extended to the suppliers and the employees. Today consumers can communicate directly with the members of the supply chain thus improving business. In addition, many critical business processes are now accomplished through the networks, which have been digitized. Most of the business functions and processes are now controlled using the digital technology (Gilman and Carl 57). The emergence of digital firm has also contributed to agile and response sensing to the environmental changes. Form instance, the consumer problems, and issues can be responded to in an effective manner. This helps to improve the image of the business in addition to attracting more consumers to the business. It is assumed that consumers cannot be forced to consume what they do not want. This is why some of the marketers consider consumers to be the kings of the business entities. For this reason, the digital technology has helped in the attraction of many consumers to the businesses. In addit ion to this, many businesses, which consider the e-markets, have achieved huge returns. The future management is thus based on e- markets, which have been enhanced by the innovations in technology. Today many key corporate assets are managed through the digital technology. This has reduced the human personnel, which is very costly. Moreover, the cost of labor has also been reduced tremendously as a result of emergence of new technologies. This has been as a result of seamless information flow, which has been made easier by the new technology. Most of the industrial processes such as banking are now done through the ability of a digital technology. A good example is how the banking industry has been changed in the global stage. It has changed to the point that all its functions can now be done through the digital technology. This has helped to improve business and also reduced all the problems, which occur in business (Khosrowpour 122). The digital technology thus helps information s ystems to reduce all the delays, which may be found within the supply chain. This is made easier by reduction of the visits of customers in the business. In addition, through automation and precision of information helps errors, which occur in calculation, are reduced to a great extend. Through the improved automation of processes, it becomes easier to send information faster and also reduce costs, which occur during information send of. The wireless retain shops are a good example of shops which reduce shrinkage and improve connection of businesses with the consumers. In addition, they also reduce the costs of handling of the goods to the consumers (Stair and George 154). Change management in a business One of the most successful forms of management is known as change management. It is characterized with innovation strategy, which helps to implement new policies and help in the achievement of the long term goals for the business. Innovation management helps to manage portfolios and projects in a business thus improving the service delivery. Many projects are very complex but with the innovation of new information systems, it is easier to delegate duties within a supply chain. This is enhanced by through effective communication and creation of a platform for information flow within the chain. It is thus a general fact, that information systems have become a source of complacency within an organization (Schultz 155). In order for management to have change, they should develop principles, which shall be the constant remainder of change within the supply chain. The principles should be in line with the vision of the organization and also help to reduce the obstacles, which might occur within a business. The systems of governance should also be changed to improve the effectiveness of supply chain. Moreover, the structures of operation are one of the most critical things within a management and they can only be improved through changing of the information technolog y. These can be done through adaption to the current information systems, which are beneficial for the success of the business (Stair and George 77). The management of any organization faces many problems, which occur during the implementation of the projects for the business. One of the problems, which occur in the management of a business entity, is the lateness of project completion. This is caused by lack of systems, which help to speed up the processes of implementation of the long term goals. Secondly, costs, which increase due to late deliverances and slower imposition of delegated duties, are also a major problem to the business administration. In addition, when many goals and projects have been put together, they also contribute in the lack of implementation of a policy. On the other hand, when there is an information system in an organization the management can perform many tasks at a single time thus enhance flow of information (Huber 177). Through the internet, many comp anies are able to utilize many ways of innovating new products and come up with inventions, which shall help business to succeed and be competitive. Through information systems, it is easier to engage a variety of stakeholders in development and design of new products. This is achieved through cooperation with the consumers who define the kind of products they need. Additionally, through information on the latest technologies to develop a specific product, it also becomes easier to a design and develops a new product. Supplies and other individuals may also be engaged in the development of new products and this enhances the process of innovation within a business (Daft 165). Outsiders in a business offer many insights in the development of new products and this enhances the flow of information. Companies can reduce costs through taking new products into the markets, which have the potential. It is therefore important for any successful business to effectively manage its products and thus improve its chances for success. This is through making of connections with companies and businesses of high profiles and stature. It is thus indispensable for any individual to argue that internet connectivity helps to improve the chances for success. It is thus a fact that every business should embrace internet connectivity in order to improve the chances of success and also improve its income level. In order to perform a variety of tasks within the same time, companies should implement the information systems infrastructure and thus improve the chances of success within the management. This is because expanding the frontiers of automation and innovation helps to perform tasks more efficient. The supply chain technologies help in the achievement of faster products and also having the best results because these technologies help to improve the processes. Due to the changing system of management many global and renowned companies such as General Motors, General Electric and ev en Wal-Mart stores are using the automation technologies to speed up the flow of information from one supply chain to the other (Stair and George 155). The management for companies should be engaged in fostering for innovations in the international market. This can be done through submission of ideas and information into the business models. Through engagement with the consumers, information flow is made easier and this encourages businesses to trade information in a quick manner. The management of the successful companies has now understood that understanding the problems of the consumers is one of the ways, which helps to boost the economic status for business. It is therefore important to ensure valuation of offerings through experimentation of different individuals within the market. This helps to attract many consumers and also increase the status of the business among the competitors (Huber 127). Through the usage of information systems in the strategic management, it is easy to visualize the role of information flow. Many business-to-business sites have specialized agents who help in the management of the information, which is vital for the survival of the business. In addition, there are also directories, which help to provide the management with the necessary information, which is needed for the business survival. Through the process of digitization, companies are able to maximize the use of information through creation of by products and thus increase the capital base for the company. This helps to reshape the approaches of merchandise and also contribute in increasing profitability (Stair and George 125). Information systems also help in expansion of business models. This is because of innovations and product differentiation strategies, which help in the creation of new products in the market. Companies should thus choose the model of competitive advantage to other competitors. In addition, the information systems also provide companies with the pla tform to be more productive and also come up with products, which shall help the business to succeed in the long run. Information systems also help companies with project phases though performing of different functions, which help business to succeed. Business information system is basically based on the use of information technology in the management of information within the business enterprise. In that regard, those assigned the duties of managing the business information systems; that is, the business information system managers should possess the required expertise in information technology. Generally, information can be considered as a contemporary phenomenon, which has drastically transformed the manner in which business activities are carried out all over the globe (Daft 167). In order to succeed in the present business world, which is basically highly competitive, it is of great essence to make use of effective business information systems, which are considerably modern. Bu siness information system affects the manner in which firms undertake their marketing, as well as the manner in which communicate within the business entity. In addition, the business information systems dictate the process along with urgency through which the employees accomplish their jobs within the modern business organizations. It is in that perspective that the business information system managers out to develop special softwares which meet the specified industry standards and assist in ensuring that the best practices are applied in the carrying out of business management. Moreover, information system managers should be in the position of constantly changing the business face in their day-to-day operations through the use of information technology. Effective business information systems assist the contemporary business organizations in making impressive strides in the realization of operational efficiency. The human resources’ effectiveness is also achieved through the utilization of standardized business information systems (Schultz 22). Information gathering along with information storage, as well as, dissemination is presently undertaken through the use of personal computers. In that regard, it is evident that the emerging novel business information systems have changed the manner in which internal operations within the business organization are carried out. Furthermore, the business information systems managers should appropriately make use of the advancing communication technology procedures. It is of great essence to remain updated with the innovations occurring within the information technology sector so as to survive within the contemporary business world (Gilman and Carl 43). The advances being experienced within the cellular phone expertise have revolutionized the processes through which business persons communicate with their suppliers, strategic partners, clients, as well as employees. In addition, the internet is set to revolutionize the marketing function on top of opening up numerous communication options. The novel, innovative applications featured within the smart phones, which have introduced recently have transformed the manner in which business information system is carried out. The smart phones facilitate the establishment of online customer relations management applications, which can even be utilized within the small business enterprises (Daft 63). For instance, potential customers can easily obtain information online through the smart phones without making physical visits to the respective business organizations’ premises. Nevertheless, even though the information technology applied in the management of business information system is associated with bringing about success to the business organization, it is vital to note that there are several unique costs, which are put into consideration prior to implementing the preferable information technology solutions. On top of considering the anticipa ted costs, it is also essential to ensure that the implementation process is carried out by highly qualified professionals who are capable of undertaking the maintenance, expansion, monitoring along with repair of the IT infrastructure. It is vital to note that certain information systems are too complex to be implemented and they consume a lot of time in the implementation process (Khosrowpour 122). There are various types of information technology tools, which the business information system managers can utilize. Database tools can be used in the management of business information systems. Databases assist in the organization of business information such that it becomes easily manageable, as well as, accessible. In addition, the databases facilitate easy updating of the stored information. For example, the business information system managers can establish customer’s databases containing their contact information, placed orders along with their preferences. Moreover, the bu siness information system personnel can also make use of data warehouses. Data warehouses refer to centralized information storage area, which is mostly utilized in the event that a single business entity possesses various business systems. Data warehouse also refers to the utilization of numerous information systems featured in diverse digital formats. Several business enterprises store, retrieve, and manage information through the digital asset management procedure. This system is considerably helpful while carrying out several business transactions online (Daft 163). However, the system is relatively technically complex and its task management procedures can only be carried out effectively by information technology specialists. The business information system personnel can also make use of data mining. Data mining basically refers to the process through which the collected data is sorted out so as to examine the emerging patterns. For example, through data mining, the business in formation system personnel can find out the most popular products. It can also be used in establishing the likelihood of a particular class of customers purchasing certain commodities from the firm. Moreover, while undertaking business information system management, it is of great essence to make use of reporting along with querying tools. These tools are helpful in the creation of reports, which indicate the manner in which the obtained data has been interpreted. For instance, the business information system personnel can make use of these tools to establish the volume of sales, which has been handled by a specific employee (Gilman and Carl 59). Furthermore, there are diverse web-base tools, which can be utilized in the management of the business information systems. The web-based tools are such as business intelligence portals, the internet along with search engines, intranet, extranet along with social software. Business intelligence portals refer to the websites, which comprise of various types of resourceful information, for instance, legal issues along with the newly introduced business research findings. The internet along with search engines has always acted as powerful knowledge sources. However, it is of great essence to note that not all the information available online is credible. Prior to drawing conclusions based on information obtained online, it is necessary to find out the credibility of such information. The credibility of the opinions of various online authors can be carried out by conducting a critical review of their previous works. On the other hand, intranet refers to the secure private networks, which are only used internally within the business premises (Schultz 74). On the other side, extranets are closely related to intranets but the significant difference between them is that that they can be utilized by both the customers, as well as, suppliers. Social software include of sites such as the wikis, social networking websites such as twitter or facebook, and blogs. The social software is specifically helpful because it facilitates the sharing of knowledge. The business information system personnel can obtain crucial information regarding the management of business information from the social software. Basically, wikis refer to the websites within which users are allowed to quickly publish, as well as, edit the featured information. This enables like-minded individuals to record comprehensive information. On the side of blogs, individuals share knowledge on diverse issues, which can also be related to business information system management with other persons. Informal communication while undertaking business management is carried through social networking websites. In the process of carrying out business information system management, the personnel should also make use of the diverse customer analysis tools (Daft 161). These tools comprise of the management software specially designed to make better the customer relationship with the business management. This management software is helpful in the formulation of customers’ profile database. It assists the management to reach the customers through various channels such as emails. The other mostly used customer analysis tool is the call-center system. In the event that the company sales are conducted through the telephone, a greater number of customers can be reached through the call-center system. Furthermore, website log-file review can be utilized to examine the rate at which the customers obtain information from the company website so as to formulate strategies, which can make the company website more effective. In general, the customer analysis tools can be used to make better customer service by identifying the kind of information, which should be available to them. Effective business information system also enables the systems file analysis to be done in an easy simple manner. It is also necessary to make use the Enterprise Reso urce Management (ERP) software while carrying out business information system management (Leon 45). Actually, as at present, various renowned companies have already purchased the ERP software. This specific software entails of diverse modules, which are designed in such a way that they can handle a certain business facet such as information management. These modules can turnout as helpful in the management of inventories, distribution along with accounting information, as well as human resources information. Every model functions as the information repository for all of the organization’s members. For instance, once applied within the CRM (Customer Relationship Management) along with sales data, it saves the much time usually spent in carrying out information sharing, as well as, database management (Leon 76). There are diverse examples of ERPs. Some of them are the 3i InfoTech, Sage ERP X3 along with the Oracle E-Business Suite. It is vital to bear in mind that the prices of this software are variable in relation to the business organization size, as well as the number of modules required. The critical segment of the business information system is the analysis of all of the obtained information. From the very start, there is need for the IT specialist dealing with the management of the business information system to comprehend the newly introduced information systems within the IT world. Moreover, IT specialist should be able to predict the information systems needs of a certain business entity and adjust the current information systems so that they can satisfy the established needs. Besides, the IT analysts should make better the information systems such that people feel comfortable while using them. Fortunately, there are diverse techniques, which the IT specialists can make put into use so as to undertake business information system management effectively (Khosrowpour 127). It is noteworthy to understand that discordance is emerging within the busin ess information system sector. There are various factors, which can be attributed to the emergence of discordance. These factors are such as the widening gap between the haves along with have is not. Another contributing factor is the disparity in the possession of Information Technology expertise. In addition, discordance is also brought about by privacy issues, as well as, security issues such as hackers along with contingency. Within the IT field, various aspects are viewed as security threats. It is thus necessary to ensure that the information system being utilized within the business entity is well secured. Most of the security threats are ignited by password weaknesses along with proliferation. Spywares along with adware also threaten the security of the information systems being utilized within the business enterprises. In order to establish a vibrant information system within the business organization, one has to seek the services of internet providers. It is through the in ternet that the information system users can take advantage of both intranet, as well as, extranet connections. However, the internet providers aggravate security issues further within the business information system management because in most of the occasions they deny the attacks launched within their systems by hackers thereby leaving their clients in darkness (Head 69). Cybercrime has also affected negatively on the security of business information systems. It is actually estimated that damages, which were brought about by issues related to cybercrime in the course of 2004, could reach the margin of 17.5 billion USD (United States Dollars), which was actual a 30% increase over the figure obtained in 2003. All in all, the business information system managers should remain aware of the fact that the more the devices incorporated within the system the lesser the privacy and the more insecure they become. In other words, the information systems, which utilize numerous devices, are m ore prone to attacks by hackers. Conclusion From the above discussion, it is clear that Information Technology is an important aspect in the business world. Nevertheless, despite the aforementioned setbacks associated with the use of the information technology in the management of the business information system, there are various tangible benefits, which the business entities can achieve by utilizing them in an effective manner (Head 89). The improved business performance associated with the use of information technology in the management of the business information system results to increased profit margins. Therefore, the business information personnel should formulate processes through which they can securely make use of information technology. Works Cited Daft, Richard L. Understanding Management. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2011. Print. Gilman, Lawrence J, and Carl D. McDaniel. The Future of Business: The Essentials. Mason, OH: South-Western Cenage Learning, 200 9. Print. Head, Simon. The New Ruthless Economy. Work and Power in the Digital Age. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2005. Print. Huber, Martin. Implications of Digitizing, Miniaturizing and Convergence in Media and Entertainment: Trendreport 2001. München: Center for Digital Technology and Management, 2001. Print. Khosrowpour, Mehdi. Web Technologies for Commerce and Services Online. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference, 2008. Print. Kurtz, Lee. Contemporary business. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2009. Print. Laudon, Kenneth C, and Jane P. Laudon. Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 2004. Print. Leon, Alexis. Enterprise Resource Planning. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008. Print. Rocheleau, Bruce. Public Management information systems. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Publishers, 2006. Print. Schultz, R. A. Contemporary issues in ethics and information technology. Hershey, PA: IRM Press, 2006. Print. Stair, Ralph M, an d George W. Reynolds. Principles of Information Systems: A Managerial Approach. Australia: Course Technology Cengage Learning, 2010. Print. This research paper on Information Systems for Managers was written and submitted by user Dorothy A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Summary of The Great Gatsby

Summary of The Great Gatsby Published in 1925, F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby is frequently studied in American literature classrooms (college and high school). Fitzgerald used many of the events from his early life in this semi-autobiographical novel. Hed already become financially successful with the publication of This Side of Paradise in 1920. The book is listed on the Modern Librarys list of 100 Best Novels of the 20th Century. Publisher Arthur Misener wrote: I think it (The Great Gatsby) is incomparably the best piece of work you have done. Of course, he also said that the novel was somewhat trivial, that it reduces itself, in the end, to a son of anecdote. Some of the very elements that brought the book acclaim were also the source of criticism. But, it was (and still is) considered by many to be one of the great masterworks of the time period, and one of the great American novels. Description Title: The Great GatsbyAuthor: F. Scott FitzgeraldType of Work Genre: Modernist Novel; FictionTime Place (Setting): Long Island and New York City; Summer 1922Publisher: Charles Scribners SonsPublication Date: April 10, 1925Narrator: Nick CarrawayPoint of View: First and Third Person Basics Great American literary classicOne of F. Scott Fitzgeralds most famous worksChronicled 1920s America, the Jazz AgeChallenged at the Baptist College in Charleston, SC (1987): language and sexual referencesThe first novel that Scribners had published that contained foul language. How It Fits In The Great Gatsby is usually the novel for which F. Scott Fitzgerald is best remembered. With this and other works, Fitzgerald forged his place in American literature as the chronicler of the Jazz Age of the 1920s. Written in 1925, the novel is a snapshot of the time period. We experience the glittery-splendiferous world of the wealthy- with the accompanying emptiness of morally decayed hypocrisy. Gatsby represents so much that is seductive, but his pursuit of passion- at the expense of all else- leads him to his own ultimate destruction. Fitzgerald writes: I wanted to get out and walk eastward toward the park through the soft twilight, but each time I tried to go I became entangled in some wild, strident argument which pulled me back, as if with ropes, into my chair. Yet high over the city our line of yellow windows must have contributed their share of human secrecy to the casual watcher in the darkening streets... I saw him too, looking up and wondering. I was within and without. Do you ever feel within and without? What do you think it means? Characters Nick Carraway: A Midwesterner, who sells bonds. Narrator. He observes and describes the rise and fall of Jay Gatsby.Daisy Buchanan: Wealthy. Cousin of Nick Carraway. Tom Buchanans wife.Tom Buchanan: Wealthy. Philanderer. Daisy Buchanans husband. Powerful personality.Jay Gatsby: A self-made man. The epitome of American Dream. A fascinatingly unforgettable figure in American literature. His parents were poor farmers. After getting a taste for wealth, he went into the Army, attended Oxford and quickly accumulated wealth via nefarious means. With his stupendous rise to great fortune, he was fated to fall.Jordan Baker: Daisys friend.George Wilson: Myrtle Wilsons husband.Myrtle Wilson: Tom Buchanans mistress. George Wilsons wife.Meyer Wolfsheim: An underworldly, criminal figure. Jay Gatsbys acquaintance.

Behavior and personality development Essay Example for Free

Behavior and personality development Essay A person’s behavior and attitude at any point of time is the resultant effect of all factors acting on the individual. The factors, each contribute in its own way and at varying levels, having a positive effect, a negative effect, a soothening effect or even a precipitating effect. The individual then reacts as a consequence of all combined effects. There are several parameters involved in the development of behavioral patterns including cognitive-social, biological, emotions, gender, person-situation, culture, ethnicity etc. These factors effect differently, for each individual since the level of perception and understanding is varied. It should be noted here that there may be several other factors too that influence behavior patterns, that have not yet been recognized. The cognition-social perception of an individual plays an important role in the building up of the individual’s personality. Although there is a debate of whether cognition gives rise to emotions or emotions give rise to cognition, the resultant reaction has wide social perceptions. The term ‘cognition’ in emotion elicitation includes all simple sensory information processing to very complex processing. The emotion – cognition – interaction is the study on the integrative aspects of research in emotion, cognition and the interaction between the two. The complex association between emotion and cognition is analyzed using knowledge and methods from the separate fields of research. Emotions are not always associated with facial expressions. Face recognition and object recognition are performed through different functions by different areas within the brain. Several disorders like alexia, prosopagnosia and visual agnosia develop when recognition process is impaired. Social cognition attempts to relate personal-social development with intellectual development. The process of cognitive development occurs through four universal stages of infancy; toddler and early childhood; elementary and early adolescence; and, adolescence and adulthood. The development in each stage is associated with an increased level of thinking. Cognition is an important aspect of behavior development. An individual perceives a situation based on his cognitive inputs and responds appropriately. Thus feelings of sadness, happiness, anger, guilt etc. , are produced as a result of cognition. As for me, I don’t tolerate anyone talking to me in a high pitch or commanding tone. In such cases, I deliberately don’t cooperate, even if the speaker wants to help or oblige me. Gender too plays an important role in social developments. Women have been traditionally expected to perform their domestic family roles as obedient wives and daughters. They were mainly more perceived to be sexual objects in a male dominated society, with primary interests in homemaking and caring, till the end of the century. This indifference in sociology can be mainly attributed to men’s identity as the dominant social player associated with force of character while women are associated with their weaknesses and passive role. The relationship between crime and gender has been immense throughout the long period of offence observation. Men and women have differing offence rates and offence patterns, both as offenders and as victims. The opportunities and capabilities of men and women for crime are different, which is reflected in their crime pattern. The sex of offenders has always been recorded throughout the history of criminal record keeping. Lady police officers and corrections officers are also needed to tune in, to fit into the gendered criminal justice system, although their lives are very different from that of women offenders or victims. Women were allowed to take up positions of police patrol officers and corrections officers only in the 1970s. This too was achieved through several legislative changes and civil rights movements. While positions have been opened for women in the male dominated fields like policing and corrections, women are faced with challenges as to what are appropriate or not appropriate women activities, given their traditional attitude on such activities. The social role of women had been had been largely restricted, although the situation has changed considerably. However gender based perception, attitude and reaction to situations persist. I am particularly careful in my dealings with women, because I find it difficult to convince them compared to men, although they don’t argue or threaten like men. It has been established by biocriminology that heredity and body organ dysfunctions can induce an inclination in social interaction. Modern researches indicate that chromosomal abnormalities, hormonal and brain chemical imbalances, diet, drugs and alcohol are factors that contribute to aggressive and criminal behavior. The hormone ‘testosterone’ in men has been identified as the main cause of aggression and crime committed by most men. Several case studies indicate that certain foods or food constituents induce neuropsychological disorders in the form of allergic or pharmacologic reactions which may even lead to chemical imbalances in the brain, resulting in behavioral disorders. Adoption and twin studies too indicate that genetic influences play a major role in development of criminal behavior. Molecular genetic investigations and epidemiological studies suggest that criminal activity may be genetically linked to mental abnormality. Prenatal disturbances or altered normal fetal development due to maternal smoking in pregnancy period is linked to violent offsprings. Reading deficits are sometimes developed in impulsive aggressive people, which could be attributed to their early school experiences. Here, impulsive and aggressive acts are caused due to inability in discriminating visual information during social situations. Biology is an important determinant of behavior and social response. Although I don’t perceive any behavior type as due to any specific food pattern, I do believe that group behavior or specific instincts of groups has to do with their biological response. Cultural differences and its influence on behavior have been extensively studied by behavioral scientists mainly during the 1940s and the 1960s. Cross-cultural psychology is very important in understanding the psychological framework of inter personal behavior. Interpersonal behavior is a vital aspect of human daily activity and is greatly influenced by culture. In recent times, this relationship between culture and individual behavior is more explored through empirical studies rather than historical or philosophical enquiries. Findings of such studies indicate that culture moulds and defines individual attitude as much as it determines our values, our ways of thinking and our social relationships. Culture is in fact a major criteria in the determination of human behavior. Culture together with the physical environment represent one of the two important external factors that mould human behavior. These factors in combination with internal influential factors of biological and psychological aspects constitute the main determinants of human behavior. Culture is inhibited by both internal and external representations. External representation of culture is seen in institutions of education, politics, religion and economy while it is internally represented through values, worldviews, beliefs etc. All these forces act simultaneously on an individual at any given point of time. Perhaps most of the conflict and confrontation in today’s world may be attributed to cultural differences. Clash of cultures and adherence to rigid cultural beliefs, keeps up tension between communities. A mutual respect and understanding of each others culture and values is essential for the upliftment of any society. I find it difficult to live a normal life where cultural tolerance is not practiced. I personally feel that culture intolerance is a sign of undeveloped cultures. The individual at any point of time is also subject to a given situation. It is this simultaneous interaction of the person and the situation, which ultimately derives the behavior. Therefore, behavior can be described as a person-situation interaction, which is under continuous adjustment. Normal or abnormal behavior is a continuous response to the person-situation forces. The attitude and behavior of mankind is influenced by several factors, which cannot be predicted or explained using any particular theory. These include cognition, biological, behaviorist, cognitive-social, existential-humanistic, person-situation, and gender, cultural and ethnicity. It must also be understood that similar factors cannot influence everyone to the same level. A combination of several such factors may perhaps explain a particular behavior pattern. Although the role of the parameters in the development of the behavior pattern is known, we cannot conclude that all factors contributing to the same have been identified, nor the level of contribution of each factor. Newer research needs to be done on the subject, to determine further influences, given the fact that technology and lifestyle are constantly evolving. Behavior and personality development. (2016, Oct 31). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Database Design Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Database Design Project - Essay Example This paper presents a detailed analysis of basic areas of the new technology. Data and information are the most valuable resources for any business or corporation. Therefore, the development and implementation of databases to store this valuable business for corporate working has turned out to be a major part of almost every corporation or business sector. In addition, this development and implementation of the databases has offered great advantages to the organizations for an effective management of their business activities. This paper throws light on the development and analysis of a database system for â€Å"Mayo Clinic Medical Center† that is health care business with a variety of off-site campuses interacting within its health system. This business is operating through different working and business problems. The main objective behind this research is to outline the problem areas and then suggesting most suitable solution for these problems. Mayo Clinic Medical Center is a health care business that is working through a chain of off-site campuses. The working of this business is traditional in nature and relying upon the manual ways of data and information handling. In this business, there is an utmost need of a constant link among the distant working teams and main campuses. To serve this purpose, they need well qualified staff and suitable office structure. Now the management of the Mayo Clinic Medical Center has decided to establish a new database technology framework for the corporate. The main intention of the Mayo Clinic Medical Center management is to potentially improve the overall corporate performance and working capabilities. As discussed above the business of Mayo Clinic Medical Center is currently running through manual ways. In such scenario, the overall workload and working style is more rigid. All these problems lead to less effective working performance. At present, the data

Use of Nature in The Immortalist and The Cherry Orchard Essay

Use of Nature in The Immortalist and The Cherry Orchard - Essay Example Tongues learnt to move after looking at those pre designed and meaningful metaphors (Oliver 1987). Nordquist and Whales (1998) expressed the importance of metaphors and similes in text writing and explained how they enrich the material and quality of text written. According to his point of view, the similes are used to express emotions and signs. The presence of similes makes reading material more clear and entertaining for the reader. And inculcating of new similes also shows that you have a greater command and insight of your subject. In the same way, metaphors are images and shapes of objects and contents of nature. A reader can find the meaning or the imagination of scenarios the writer had, in mind, while writing by looking at those shapes and images drawn. The Immoralist by Andre Paul Guide: By reading the novel Immoralist, the author’s passion towards nature can be recognized. The written material reflects not just the outer natural beauty of the world but also the inne r nature of human beings, their feelings, their desires to have what they want around and for them. The author represented these in the accounts of how Michel used nature to bear with his inner feelings and how he achieved peace. For instance, Guide included some symbols and figures into his texts that gave answers and solution to Michel’s dilemma, and to many other readers out there facing similar problem and feelings. The author gave a marvelous concept in his novel that if a person is lost in the valley of meaninglessness, if his life is gone for the fake uncontrollable desires, he can get his life back by the fruitful control of nature and by pursuing the beauty of nature in and around him. The metaphors that demonstrate this concept and reality can be seen and enjoyed in the part where Michel describe the irrigation system in Biskra and in the taming of the wild colt at â€Å"La Morinier†. The figure of the goat boy depicts the irrigation system. Now, this image i s a symbol of nature and refers to natural beauty of land and a natural process going on for a purpose. The inherent laws of nature do contain the excess of life going forces which may lead to destruction, depriving other trees of their existence as well. The incident written in part 2, in wild colt, illustrates the same truth with its related simile drawn. Where, the beautiful animal was declared useless and dangerous by servants and Michel asks another character named Charles to help him treat gently and quite by showing some respect for that animal. The image drawn at that situation was meant to be used in contrasting situations where absence of restraining and uncontrollable nature leads to corruption and destruction. In the case of metaphor of irrigation system in Biskra, described above, was a human effort that could assist in making the nature more productive. The palm tree images in part 1 related to Michel’s wife Marceline were depicting the concept that she was weak when she got ill after she came back from their honeymoon. She needed energy to live. She could not tolerate the excess of energy around her but also was in need of a moderate level of energy in her atmosphere. This is how the author Mr. Guide put life in his novels through metaphors and symbols and made his material famous among his readers. The Cherry Orchard by Anton Chekhov: The symbol of Cherry Orchard itself depicts the unstable political – socio environment and drastically changing traditions. Negative conditions usually

Internet Censorship Essay Example for Free

Internet Censorship Essay WebInternet censorship (Is it possible to keep children safe from potential internet dangers? ) by: Eko Setiyo Utomo The Internet has become a part of modern life style for most people. In developed countries, most people use the internet at home. Children can access the internet for everything, from playing games, to doing schoolwork, to chatting with friends via e-mail, to surfing the web. Most online services provide children with a vast range of resources such as encyclopedias, current events coverage, and access to libraries and other valuable material. However, there can be real risks and dangers for an unsupervised child because most materials on the Internet are not only uncensored but also unedited. Adults can be expected to make their own evaluations of what they find. Children, who lack experience and knowledge, can not do this. Strohm (n. d. ) claims that the essential issue in the internet is internet pornography, which is a topic debated by many experts, but many other issues dangerous to children are of concern too. Children who have access to the internet can easily be lured into something dangerous. As stated by Manista (2002), â€Å"censorship on the internet has become an issue for a number of very specific reasons†. Parents should not assume that their children are safe online from internet dangers; and they should not just rely on soft ware to protect their children. According to Schwartz (2004), using filters to block access to undesirable materials may never prove to be the solution. In addition, governments should have the power to decide what is not acceptable for the minds of children. In contrast, it is argued by some people that supervising access to the internet could limit the creativity of children. n addition, according to Males (2000), statistical evidence does not support to filter the internet. He describes that several kinds of sex offences has declined since period internet (1990s) access in America. This essay will investigate the unsuitable nature of much of the material on the internet for children. It will also examine the devastating and lasting e ffect of pornographic images on children. Thus, parents must play a key role to keep children safe from potential internet dangers. Finally, it will suggest that parents should teach children how to choose suitable materials on the internet. The first section of this essay will explain why internet pornography and some of the various resources unsuitable for children can have a harmful effect on children. The next section will maintain that soft ware is essential to protect children from site danger. Finally, this essay will argue that parents themselves should be aware of the dangers on the internet. It is important to recognize that pornographic images on the internet can have a devastating and lasting effect on children. Children using the internet unsupervised can view free pornography pictures through accidental accessing. Strohm (n. d. ) has claimed that it is a commonly held belief that pornography on the Internet presents a serious danger to children online, and that the effects of pornography are progressive and addictive for many people. He further points out that most pornography sites are very easy to find. These sites always invite children and teens to take part in exposure. Children using internet chat rooms are the main target of sexual predators, often with traumatic results (Nuss 1999). Pornography isnt the only thing parents dont want their children to see on the Internet. Parents are also concerned about anarchist, Neo-Nazi, and all sorts of other propaganda, as well as information on computer hacking and building explosives. There are hundreds of thousands of web sites promoting illicit activities. However, many individuals and organized groups at the same time are attempting to protect children from information on homosexuality, violence, drugs and alcohol, hate speech, and the environment. In addition, according to Males (2000), children can become victims of internet crime, such as pedophile contacts with children and child pornography distribution. It is possible that some children may be visiting internet sites and communicating with potential internet predators without parent know. Otherwise, some pornographers argue, â€Å"In the right hands porn has its place. As anyone in the industry will readily proclaim, millions of men and women enjoy Web erotica harmlessly, and some couples turn to porn to enhance their sex lives† (Jerome et al. 2004). Children may have the opportunity to become informed about adult lifestyle. Pornography materials on the internet or ther media can be a valuable educational tool for children to understand about the concept of sexuality (Reisman Ray 1999). Furthermore, according to Males (2000), the internet access period (1990s) does not seem to have brought about any particularly bad effects. Nonetheless, children have access to computers and the internet not only at home, but in many other places, what they choose to view is very difficult to control. It is a concern of many parents that fre edom of information presented by the internet can pollute their main of children. Many kinds of methods have been implemented to avoid some of these negative effects of the internet. First of all, School on the Web†, for example, is a program has been developed by Microsoft and MCI to assist many schools attending information about education world on the internet. Moreover, Cyber Patrol, a popular soft ware, is a soft ware program that contains a twofold filtering technique. It can block unsuitable sites from a list of restricted web addresses (Reeks 2005).. Others products are Bess/N2H2, CyberSnoop, I-Gear, Internet Filter, Library Channel, NetShepherd. On Guard, Parental Discretion, Rated-PG, SmartFilter, Tattle-Tale, WebSense, and X-Stop. These soft ware are designed to present at one or more many kinds of computers. According to Schrader (1999), these products offer five basic approaches bad word, bad site, bad topic, site content rating systems and bad service to control expressive content on the internet which may be set by the individual user or built into the program. In addition, children using the internet can also be prevented from disclosing their personal details via e-mail or chat room with the application of soft ware, such as Net Nanny. Meanwhile, The Platforms for Internet Content Selection (PICS) provides particular-labeling vocabularies, which work in different way to filter, to block inappropriate materials. According to Resnick and Miller (1996) the parent, as a user, can select every material in the certain label that is provided by software to block unsuitable sites. Nevertheless, it is an impossible task to be able to censor everything on the internet because the internet is an infinite global network. Males (2000) maintains that the internet would be a useless tool for students if it is blocked, or filtered. Filters can easily block student out of websites that they need to access for research simply because they contain words that have been flagged as inappropriate. He also believes that People who worry about the internet have a phobia or anxiety disorder which is not concerned about real problems. However, using appropriate soft ware can help to minimize the negative effects of the internet, even if many weaknesses exist in various software. Parents can play a key role in helping young people to be aware of the dangers and can get practical help on keeping children safe online. Governments especially, which have the power to decide what is not acceptable for the eyes of children, should make many regulations to help parents to keep children safe from potential internet danger. In late 1999, the Australian Government established NetAlert to provide independent advice and education on managing access to and usage of the Internet (NetAlert 2005). First of all, parents need to build trusting relationships with children and set a good example. Most parents teach their children not to give out information to strangers, not to open the door if they are home alone (AACAP 1997). As a result, it is hopped that children never give their name, phone number, e-mail address, password, postal address, school, or picture without their parent permission. Furthermore, parents should also teach children how to search and find many materials that are suitable for young people (in Healey ed. 2002). Parents are strongly encouraged to speak openly with their children about online dangers and monitor their online activities. Moreover, it is important for parents to be aware that they can not assume that their child will be protected by the supervision or regulation provided by the online services. Only parents can judge when a young person is mature enough to access the internet. Nuss (1999) also claims that children will be much safer accessing the internet if parents take the time to learn to use the internet first. However, children often feel that as Internet users, they know how to make a decision about what materials are harmful. Moreover, when students are exploring the Net for different kinds of materials, they are essentially exploring the real world (Singhal 1997). The internet is one of the contexts in which young people can discover themselves, what is normal and abnormal in their behavior (in Healey ed. 002). However, because most children do not understand what materials on the internet are real or just imagined, parents should not trust children to use the internet without supervision. In conclusion, the internet is a valuable tool for assisting in the education of children. However, when children are online, they can easily be lured into something dangerous. Children have access to online information that promotes hate, violence and pornography. These can influence their behavior and even be harmful. Filter soft ware is the most effective way to protect children from inappropriate materials on the internet. Therefore, parents, who play a key role, should talk to their children about what is online and what might happen online. Finally, the government should use its power to control those sites that provide unsuitable material for young people.

Free Slaughterhouse-Five Essays: Dresden :: Slaughterhouse-Five Essays

Slaughterhouse Five  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dresden "In Slaughterhouse Five, -- Or the Children's Crusade, Vonnegut   delivers a complete treatise on the World War II bombing of Dresden. The main character, Billy Pilgrim, is a very young infantry scout* who is captured in the Battle of the Bulge and quartered in a Dresden slaughterhouse where he and other prisoners are employed in the production of a vitamin supplement for pregnant women. During the February 13, 1945, firebombing by Allied aircraft, the prisoners take shelter in an underground meat locker. When they emerge, the city has been levelled and they are forced to dig corpses out of the rubble. The story of Billy Pilgrim is the story of Kurt Vonnegut who was captured and survived the firestorm in which 135,000 German civilians perished, more than the number of deaths in the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki combined. Robert Scholes sums up the theme of Slaughterhouse Five in the New York Times Book Review, writing: 'Be kind. Don't hurt. Death is coming for all of us a nyway, and it is better to be Lot's wife looking back through salty eyes than the Deity that destroyed those cities of the plain in order to save them.' The reviewer concludes that 'Slaughterhouse Five is an extraordinary success. It is a book we need to read, and to reread.' "The popularity of Slaughterhouse Five is due, in part, to its timeliness; it deals with many issues that were vital to the late sixties: war, ecology, overpopulation, and consumerism. Klinkowitz, writing in Literary Subversions.New American Fiction and the Practice of Criticism, sees larger reasons for the book's success: 'Kurt Vonnegut's fiction of the 1960s is the popular artifact which may be the fairest example of American cultural change. . . . Shunned as distastefully low-brow . . . and insufficiently commercial to suit the exploitative tastes of high-power publishers, Vonnegut's fiction limped along for years on the genuinely democratic basis of family magazine and pulp paperback circulation. Then in the late 1960s, as the culture as a whole exploded, Vonnegut was able to write and publish a novel, Slaughterhouse Five, which so perfectly caught America's transformative mood that its story and structure became best-selling metaphors for the new age. '"Writing in Critique, Wayne D. McGinnis comments that in Slaughterhouse Five, Vonnegut 'avoids framing his story in linear narration, choosing a circular structure.

Climate Change Policy Memo

Discussion Section: 9 TA: Jose Emilio Lopez Word Count: 800 Addressed to the honorable Senators John McCain and Joseph Lieberman. Objective To ensure the passage of the Climate Stewardship Act, S. 139, in the US Senate before the November 2004 presidential election. Strategy The recent passage of the energy bill has opened an opportunity for the passage of the Climate Change Stewardship Act. Furthermore, the results of the voting of the amendment presented by Senator Lieberman in October, 2003, show that there is already considerable support.We need to keep building momentum around this issue, and propose some of the following actions. Knowing which states have voted against the Act, it will be important to map out the motivations behind these votes and address them accordingly. For coal intensive states, the loss of income and unemployment that the adoption of cleaner technologies might bring is a big concern. Creating funds to aid them in the transition is not as important as shedd ing light in the opportunities that the modernization of the coal industry can yield.Coal and other fossil fuels will not be displaced in the short term as renewables are still beyond the required reliability, but investing in cleaner coal is feasible and can have a high return, helping boost a stagnant industry, creating knew jobs, and attracting investment for R&D of renewables, smart grids, and carbon capture and storage technologies. Further evidence about the real costs and benefits that new technologies present should be available from MIT and similar sources.Additionally, some states that voted against the amendment could be considered as highly vulnerable to climate change related phenomena such as flooding, hurricanes, and severe droughts. Reliable data related to the increasing incidence of such events in Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas and other mid western states, will help us convince their representatives on the need to act not only to take advantage of carbon storing cr op opportunities, but also to protect their vulnerable agriculture industry and the population. It is essential to build a stronger case about the market opportunities related to climate change.It was the United States task force who proposed the â€Å"flexible mechanisms† to be incorporated in the Kyoto Protocol, and all the Annex I countries but the US have been receiving the benefits of such tools. The US has failed to take advantage of global carbon markets and related commercial opportunities worldwide, and is also missing the opportunity to achieve emission reduction targets at a lower cost. The global markets in which US companies like to drive is setting high competitive standards and truly global companies will need to adapt to the standards whether nationally adopted or not, so why lag behind them.At this point, the government might find in the private sector a partner to share the cost and risks related to the investment in cleaner technologies. To convince Senator s about this argument, it will be important to use advocates such as the Ford Motor Company and IBM. These flag companies are anticipating future regulations and turning the situation into a competitive advantage. Other big market players in the electricity, transportation, industry and commercial sectors might find similar advantages in their own business models.This can help minimize the perception that climate change regulation is a means to control the market, and show that it can actually help create new markets, increase opportunities for low carbon business and promote the creation of jobs. In terms of international relationships, the passage of the Act can be presented as means to create the right environment for investments that could eventually reduce the dependence of the US on imported fossil fuels, which is as a matter of national security. Given the current climate around the war in Iraq, the Act can be seen as a low risk and low cost alternative to a costly war.Additi onally, there is great concern that any local emission reduction action is meaningless if developing countries don’t establish emission reduction targets. It can be argued that the US needs to establish high internal emission reduction targets, even if it doesn’t ratify the Kyoto Protocol or other international agreements, to recover moral leadership and global negotiation power around this issue. The media is already supportive of the cause so we need to keep working with them to maintain the climate change in the minds of the population in general to keep putting pressure on the candidates.As with highly vulnerable states, more attention should be brought to the minds of the average citizen of the vulnerability of US territories and not only faraway territories in third world countries. It is important to monitor the results of negotiations in the House of Representatives to feed into this strategy and amend the arguments we will present to the different key players accordingly. Scientific evidence regarding the potentially harmful events of greenhouse gases (GHG) cannot be ignored.Yet, some might argue that the emissions are due to causes other than human and might be reluctant to change consumption patterns. While data regarding the harmful effects of GHG upon climate, ecosystems and human life, other areas need to be supported by evidence, such as job creation, growth derived from innovation, and other benefits related to decreasing dependency in foreign fuel supply. Climate change will have adverse impacts in several communities. The most vulnerable communities in the United States will be those closear to the Gulf of Mexico.Traditionally poor and marginal states, will face the harshest conditions as their economic activities depend largely on the yield of crops. Hurricanes and changes in the rain patterns can have severe impact in the already vulnerable economies of these states. When looking at the map of states that voted against this we should devide them into those which are vulnerable to climate effects and voted against to convince them on increasing economic pressures derived from inaction in their own states and neighboring states (peer pressure). Then, with those that depend primarily n fossil fuel exploitation (coal mines, oil fields) we should work on the benefits of increase research and development of low carbon technologies within the fossil fuel industry, investment in research and development of cleaner fuels and more efficient processes can be accompanied by technology transfer tax breaks. Emphasis should be made on the fact that this newer industry will create an increasing amount of green jobs the young population could benefit from. It means shifting maintenance investment in the oil and gas industry to the development of a whole new industry that will yield high paying specialized jobs.The research and development community is a key ally in trying to convince state governments in secure resources funds for R&D of low carbon technologies. Try to capture talent within states. A new green economy brings opportunity for all and a great chance for stagnating and polluting industries to recapture investment in research and development. Development of smart grids, renewable energy projects, carbon capture and storage, doesn’t compete with the current energy industry but will allow for a long term shift into a more sustainable future while creating high paying and wealth creating jobs.Reducing the dependence on imported oil might also allow the US government to reinvest savings from cut in oil trade in the states with highest oil production in the cleaning of their industries, aiming to increase efficiency and capture GHG gases. While there are still doubts on whether climate change is due to human activity or not, the fact is that there are countries that have used the opportunities climate change presents to invest in overseas markets and claim great benefits from voluntar y carbon markets.This would allow to improve the US reputation around the World and regain moral leadership. Adaptation Mitigation Evidence needs to be collected One of the main obstacles in past negotiations was the unfairness of the developing countries not having binding reduction targets, in part because any reductions of emissions in the US would benefit only third world countries in the most vulnerable regions. But some US governments have failed to recognize the vulnerability of some US states close to the coast, river basin and other deserted areas (i. e.Florida, Mississipi, Texas, Lousiana, South Carolina, Georgia). Inaction against climate change will affect these traditionally relegated states. Evidence about the vulnerability of these regions will be key in trying to convince the congressmen representing them to vote in favor of the bill. Even if a great share of emissions are not necessarily connected to human activities (although there is worldwide consensus about the fact that it does) the fact is that temperatures are rising, and there is a need to stabilize CO2 concentration in the atmosphere.This in itself is an opportunity for innovation, and given worldwide attention to this issue the cost of action will be shared by many countries. If the US fails to act now, the cost of action in years to come might be considerably higher because the country will not be able to share the risk of the investment with other developed economies. It means maintaining leadership in the energy industry, while opening new channel for investment and efficiency, and the creation of a new set of consumption patterns, beneficial for stagnant and even contracting businesses (coal industry).

Inflation in Indonesia

Article about Inflation Subject: Economy Submitted: Thursday, 29 November 2012 By: ID: 014201000039 Name: Joseph Amos P President University, Cikarang Baru, Bekasi, Indonesia 2012 Economics is the most important aspect of a country. The reciprocation of a country is seen in terms of economy. Economics also become a benchmark of development and prosperity in a country. Why does the economy become vitally important in a country? The word â€Å"economy† you hear about in everyday life and are never separated from our activities. Everything we do from opening the eyes to close my eyes again is inclusive of economic activity.Someone who is able to manage the economy well, it will be seen by other people because of management's ability. Likewise with a country, a country will be seen by other countries through the economy. So what about the Indonesian economy itself? Definition of Inflation Inflation is the tendency of the general prices for general ascending and continuous or sympt oms can also be said of a continued rise in the prices of goods and factors of production general continuously within a certain period. Keep in mind that the increase in the price of one or two items not called inflation.Causes of Inflation, can be divided into Demand Side Inflation, which is caused by an increase in aggregate demand exceeds aggregate supply increases Supply Side Inflation, which is caused by an increase in aggregate supply exceeds aggregate demand Demand Supply Inflation, inflation is caused by a combination of an increase in aggregate demand which is then followed by an increase in aggregate supply, so prices rise higher into Suppressed Inflation or a cover-up, the inflation at a time will arise and show themselves as the official prices increasingly irrelevant in reality Classification of Inflation . Based on the Presence of Severe Inflation Inflation Lightweight (under 10% a year) Inflation Medium (between 10-30% a year) Inflation weight (between 50-100% a year) Hyper inflation (over 100% a year) 2. By The reasons for the beginning of Inflation Inflation demand, because the demand for various goods too strong Cost Inflation, due to rising production costs 3. Based on the origin of inflation Domestic Inflation, inflation stemming from domestic Imported Inflation, Inflation overseas Impact of Inflation PositiveIf inflation is mild, it has a positive effect in terms of stimulating the economy could be better, which is to increase the national income and get people excited to work, save and invest. People who rely on income based benefits, such as employers, are not harmed by the inflation. So it is with employees who work in companies with payroll following the rate of inflation. For people who borrow money from the bank (debtor), inflation is beneficial, because when debt payments to creditors, the value of money are lower than at the time of borrowing.Instead, the lender or the lender will lose money because the value of the refund is lower than at the time of borrowing. For producers, inflation can be profitable if the income is higher than the increase in production costs. When this happens, the manufacturers will be forced to double its production (usually occurs in large employers). Negative Impact of Inflation In the event of uncontrolled inflation (hyperinflation), the state of the economy went into chaos and felt sluggish economy.People become excited about work, savings, or investments and production as prices rise rapidly. The fixed income earners such as civil servants or private employees, and the workers will also be overwhelmed bore and offset the price so that their lives are wasting away and fell from time to time. For people who have a fixed income, inflation is very detrimental. Let's take the example of a retired civil servant in 1990. In 1990, his pension is enough to meet their needs, but in the year 2003-or thirteen years later, the purchasing power of money may only live a half.That is, retiremen t is no longer enough money to make ends meet. Inflation also causes people reluctant to save because the value of the currency goes down. Indeed, savings earn interest, but if the inflation rate on the interest, value for money is still declining. If people are reluctant to save money, businesses and the investment will be difficult to develop. Due to growing business needs of the bank's funds earned from savings. Conclusion Indonesia's economy had experienced the ups and downs of the early proclamation to the reform era as it is today.Various strategies have been adopted by the Ministers of Indonesia's economy in order to build a strong economy. Peak, Indonesia experienced a dramatic decline during the economic crisis that caused the inflation rate rising so rapidly at the end of the New Order era. The unemployment rate increased rapidly causing poverty increased rapidly as well. However, with each passing era into the era of economic reform Indonesia gradually showed improvement. Nurfaidah, R (2010). â€Å"Perekonomian Indonesia 2010. † http://kandankilmu. blogspot. com/search/label/Articles [Accessed 27 November 2012] Sadli, M (2006). Inflasi dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia† http://kolom. pacific. net. id/ind/prof_m. _sadli/artikel_prof_m. _sadli/inflasi_dan_pertumbuhan_ekonomi_di_indonesia. html [Accessed 27 November 2012] Bayutube86 (2009). â€Å"Makalah Tentang Inflasi dan Dampaknya† http://cafe-ekonomi. blogspot. com/2009/05/makalah-tentang-inflasi-dan-dampaknya. html [Accessed 27 November 2012] Aryati, S (2010). â€Å"Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia Sangat Kuat† http://fararirureroduty. blogspot. com/2010/11/pertumbuhan-ekonomi-indonesia-sangat. html [Accessed 27 November 2012]

15 Dis- Words and Their Relations

15 Dis- Words and Their Relations 15 â€Å"Dis-† Words and Their Relations 15 â€Å"Dis-† Words and Their Relations By Mark Nichol Words with the antonymic prefix dis- are easily confused with similar-looking terms starting with mis- or un- that usually have differing connotations or entirely distinct senses. Here are comparative definitions of some of these terms, along with etymological identification: 1-2. Disassemble/Dissemble/Misassemble The first two words have a shared etymology but distinct meanings. To disassemble originally meant â€Å"to disperse† and now means â€Å"to take apart,† but to dissemble is to conceal or simulate. The Latin root they share is simulare, which means â€Å"to make like or to compare.† (Resemble, semblance, and the like also stem from this word, and similar is closely related.) Dissimulation is dissemble’s more directly descended synonym. To misassemble, meanwhile, is to assemble incorrectly. 3-4. Disassociate/Dissociate These interchangeable words mean â€Å"to separate,† either literally, as in withdrawing from a social group, or figuratively, as in diverging from past behavior. (The common root stems from the Latin term sociare, which means â€Å"to join,† from which English derives social, society, and similar words.) 5. Discharge/Mischarge Discharge means â€Å"to release,† â€Å"to unload,† or â€Å"to perform one’s duties.† Mischarge is a rare word meaning â€Å"to make a mistake in charging,† as in loading a weapon. (The root word, charge, is from the Latin term carricare, meaning â€Å"to load.†) 6. Disconnect/Misconnect To disconnect is to uncouple or unhook. To misconnect is to put together erroneously. (The shared root, connect, is from the Latin word connectere, â€Å"to join together.† That word’s root, in turn, is related to nexus, meaning â€Å"a link or bond.†) 7. Discount/Miscount A discount is a markdown on a price. A miscount is a tabulation made in error. (The source of the root count is the Latin word computare, from which, of course, compute and computer are derived.) 8. Disinformation/Misinformation Disinformation is a form or propaganda intended to cover up inconvenient facts and/or sway public opinion. Misinformation is a more neutral term referring merely to incorrect data. (The Latin root they share is formare, which means â€Å"to form or shape.†) 9. Disinterest/Uninterest These seemingly indistinguishable words sharing the root word interest (from the Latin term interesse, meaning â€Å"to be between† or â€Å"to make a difference†) have a key difference of connotation: To be disinterested is to have no stake in something, to be impartial, and uninterested denotes the more basis sense of a lack of concern or investment in something. 10. Dislocate/Mislocate To dislocate is to put out of place; to mislocate is to misplace, or lose. (Locate is from the Latin word locare, â€Å"to place,† and is related to locus, which refers to a site or center.) 11. Disorder/Misorder Disorder is a lack of organization or an instance of random placement, or a state of social upheaval; it is rarely used as a verb, perhaps because disorder is generally not a consciously achieved state. Misorder is an uncommon verb meaning â€Å"to erroneously order,† as in preparing an order, or a list of items such as tasks to accomplish or products to purchase. Disorder also applies to a mental or physical condition that is not normal. (The root word order is descended from the Latin term ordinem, meaning â€Å"arrangement.†) 12. Disorganized/Unorganized These antonyms of organized (from the Latin word organum, meaning â€Å"instrument† or â€Å"organ†) are nearly synonymous, but a distinction is sometimes made between the former referring impersonally to places and things and the latter being a personal characteristic. 13. Disqualified/Unqualified To become disqualified is to be deprived or made ineligible; to be unqualified is to already lack the required prerequisites for qualification. (The common root is from the Latin term qualis, meaning â€Å"of what kind,† which is also the source of quality.) 14. Dissatisfied/Unsatisfied These terms have different shades of meaning: To be dissatisfied is to be disappointed in the quality of something, such as a product, or work done; unsatisfied refers to a quantitative displeasure, such as when an appetite or demand is not fulfilled. (Satisfy, the root of both words, comes from the Latin term satisfacere, a compound of satis, meaning â€Å"enough† also the source of sate, meaning â€Å"to appease an indulgence† and facere, meaning â€Å"to do or make,† whence fact.) 15. Distrust/Mistrust Both words mean â€Å"the absence or lack of trust,† with no real distinction between them. The root, of course, is trust, borrowed from Scandinavian and related through the Germanic-language family tree to true and truth. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a UK Business LetterCapitalization Rules for Names of Historical Periods and MovementsThe "Pied" in The Pied Piper

Data Privacy in Electronic Health Records System Essay

Data Privacy in Electronic Health Records System - Essay Example The data stored in the system are accurate and updated on regular basis and require data banks for that process. Patient’s state is captured, and his/her medical history can be retrieved at ease when needed by the medical personnel despite the density of the data at their end user. In that case, privacy and confidentiality become an issue (Fetter 409). The confidentiality is at risk because information may easily get into the third party who gets access to the network and hospital system. The information in the system can only be modified using one modifiable file this ensures data is correct and precise. On patients with long-term illness, their medical history can be retrieved, and his/her development studied for precise treatment depending on the development. Hacking and malicious intentions are the prominent problems. The systems can be hacked and patients medical information was stolen and used for unscrupulous deeds (Amatayakul and Amatayakul 45). Clinicians may also carelessly place their tablets or computers at insecure places where they can be stolen and patient’s information can be accessed disclosing the patient’s condition, which is always private and confidential, between the patient and clinician no third parties involved. In case of virus invasion on the system, all data may be lost leaving no records of patients especially the medical history, which is much far important as patient’s well-being is concerned. Illegal access to the system may cause more damage to patients since patients medical information can be exaggerated even changed leading to a wrong diagnosis and eventually wrong medications to patients. To curb the vice, the infrastructure platform should be supported by software designs with functionalities that prevent and avert the menace.  

Tobacco- Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tobacco- - Research Paper Example Soon after its arrival in Europe, the crop became widely cultivated. The growth of its popularity in European nations was due to the supposed medicinal capability of the plant. In 1571, Nicolas Monardes authored a book on medicinal plants in which he praised tobacco as a medicinal plant. According to Monardes tobacco would cure approximately 36 health problems. It is such popularization, which spurred the use of tobacco in 1600’s to an extent that tobacco was used as a value exchange product. Tobacco was as good as money in the early 1600 period. The world did not know that what had become misleadingly acceptable would become a leading respiratory disease causing agent with carcinogenic effects (Randall 1). Currently, there are millions of men and women across the globe that smoke, chew and sniff tobacco products. However, smoking is the most popular form of tobacco use, and among the leading causes of preventable health conditions and death (Jiloha 64). This is partly due to the fact that there are numerous cigarette manufacturing firms, and cigarettes are easily available in most retail points. All these factors coupled with prolific advertising, encourage the development of smoking habits among the youth. According to Jiloha (64), an estimated 1.3 billion people smoke tobacco worldwide, and half of this population will prematurely succumb to some form of tobacco-related illness. Tobacco smoking accounts for 5 million deaths annually, with tobacco related illnesses being the second major cause of death (Jiloha 65). Modest estimates show that if the current trend persists, tobacco may cause approximately 10 million deaths per annum by 2020. The health sector is the most affected by th e use of tobacco because it causes many health problems such as respiratory and cardiovascular complications. The most common respiratory conditions resulting from prolonged tobacco use include chronic bronchitis, emphysema, cancer, and airway